Animal Husbandry in Odisha: Livestock Practices

Did you know that over 80% of the rural folks in Odisha keep livestock? This sector brings in up to 30% of their income1. Animal husbandry is a big chance for jobs in Odisha, with dairy, sheep, goat, poultry, and pig farming offering great self-employment options1. It’s key in fighting poverty and creating jobs, as most of Odisha lives in rural areas1.

More than 20% of the value of farming in Odisha comes from livestock, and animal care adds about 4% to the state’s economy2. This work is mainly done in rural areas, helping with food security and sustainability. It also has social, economic, and cultural benefits. Livestock food is a big part of a healthy diet. In Odisha, 80% of rural homes keep animals for extra income2.

After farming, animal care is the top job in rural Odisha, with 61.8% of people working in these fields1. It’s crucial for adding to the income and jobs, especially for small farmers. Odisha’s farms and animal care have grown faster than the rest of the country, with a 4.5% GDP growth rate1.

Key Takeaways

  • Over 80% of the rural population in Odisha owns livestock, generating up to 30% of their income.
  • Livestock products account for more than 20% of the total value of agricultural output in Odisha.
  • Animal husbandry contributes around 4% to Odisha’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP).
  • Odisha’s agricultural growth, including the livestock sector, has outpaced the national average.
  • Next to agriculture, animal husbandry is the most important economic activity in rural Odisha.

Significance of Livestock Sector in Odisha

The livestock sector is key to the rural economy of Odisha3. It aims to increase income and improve well-being for 1003 SC and ST women smallholders in the M. Rampur Block Kalahandi district through the PAHO program3. Livestock products make up over 20% of the state’s agricultural value2. They are vital for small and marginal farmers in Odisha2.

Contribution to State Economy

2 The animal husbandry sector adds about 4% to the GSDP in rural Odisha2. The state has 540 Veterinary Hospitals/Dispensaries and 2939 Livestock Aid Centers2. This shows how important the livestock sector is to Odisha’s economy.

Rural Livelihood Support

3 1003 households in 26 villages are part of the Seba Jagat program for animal husbandry in tribal areas3. Training for goat rearing was given to 32 volunteers, and 1003 households learned about goat care3. Personal counseling and training were done for 30 households, reaching 1103 people, and 26 camps were held with 1258 participants3. These efforts highlight the livestock sector’s role in supporting rural livelihoods in Odisha3.

2 In 2013-14, the dairy sector in Odisha was worth about Rs. 5583.00 crores from milk2. OMFED handles the processing and marketing of milk in the state2. In 2015, there were 5409 village-level Dairy Cooperative Societies with 2,77,117 farmer members, collecting an average of 5.50 lakh liters of milk daily2. These numbers show how crucial the livestock sector is for rural livelihoods in Odisha.

Livestock Diversity in Odisha

Odisha is home to a wide variety of livestock and poultry, showing the state’s rich culture and varied landscapes4. The ancient Kalinga Empire brought in many animals, enriching the state’s animal life. Today, Odisha has many cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep, and poultry breeds. Each breed has special traits suited to the local climate.

Cattle Breeds

In Odisha, you’ll find cattle breeds like Motu, Birnjharpuri, Ghoomsoori, and Kharial. These cattle are tough and can live in different weather conditions.

Buffalo Breeds

Odisha has many buffalo breeds, including Parlakhimendi, Manda, Jirangi, Kalahandi, and Kujang. These buffaloes are known for their milk and how well they fit into the local environment.

Goat Breeds

Goats are important in Odisha’s livestock, with breeds like Black Bengal, Malkangiri, Raighar, Ganjam, Narayanapatna, and Koraput Hill. These goats are tough and good at producing meat.

Sheep Breeds

Odisha’s sheep include Kuzi, Ganjam, Koraput, and Machkund breeds. They are suited to the state’s varied climates and are valued for their wool and meat.

Poultry Breeds

The state’s poultry is diverse, with breeds like Kalahandi, Vezaguda, Dhinki, Hazra, and Phulbani. These birds are known for their eggs and meat1.

Odisha’s diverse livestock shows the strength of its animal farming sector. It’s key to the state’s economy and helps rural people make a living41.

Dairy Development in Odisha

The dairy sector is key to Odisha’s rural economy. About 50% of rural homes have cattle and buffalo5. Small and marginal farmers own most of the bovines, making up 80%5. Odisha has around 30 lakh milch animals, with 95% being cattle5. Yet, these animals produce only 1.50 kg of milk daily on average5.

Odisha makes about 66 lakh kg of milk every day, adding 1% to the country’s total5. The livestock sector adds 3% to the state’s economy and has grown by 12% yearly for a decade5. Crossbred cattle give 67% of the milk, while indigenous cows contribute 29%5.

Key Dairy Statistics in OdishaValue
Milk production (lakh kg per day)665
Contribution to national milk production1%5
Contribution to GSVA3%5
Annual growth rate of livestock sector12%5
Milk production by crossbred cattle67%5
Milk production by indigenous cows29%5

OMFED is vital for dairy development in Odisha. It started in 1980 under Operation Flood-II6. OMFED aims to improve dairy farmers’ lives and supply quality milk and products. By March 2015, it had 5,409 village-level cooperatives with 2,77,117 members, collecting 5.50 lakh liters of milk daily5.

Despite progress, challenges exist. Odisha’s bovines produce less milk than the national average5. Indigenous cattle are among the least productive at 1.50 kg daily5. AI use is also below the national level at 26%5. Overcoming these issues with smart policies is key for dairy growth in Odisha.

“The dairy sector is a vital component of Odisha’s rural economy, supporting the livelihoods of numerous farmers and contributing to the state’s overall economic progress.”

Poultry Farming in Odisha

Odisha’s poultry farming is key to its animal husbandry sector. In 2019, the state had 100 million poultry birds, with 60 million chickens and 40 million ducks7. You can start poultry farming here with little land, thanks to its warm and humid climate7.

Egg Production

Odisha is a big egg producer, making 1.5 billion eggs a year as of 20197. It ranks 12th in egg production, with 2.38 billion eggs yearly8. Most of these eggs, 87%, come from commercial farms, with the rest from backyard farms8.

Meat Production

Odisha is also big in poultry meat production, ranking 12th in India9. It produces 82 TMT of poultry meat yearly, making up half of the state’s meat8.

The government supports the poultry sector with initiatives on productivity, disease control, and market access for farmers7. Odisha sees poultry as a key part of its agriculture, aiming to boost production and support rural farming9.

IndicatorValue
Total Poultry Population (2019)27.4 million9
Egg Production per Annum1974.47 million9
Poultry Meat Production per Annum82 TMT8
Indigenous Poultry Population (2012)57,17,8519
Backyard Poultry Households30% of rural households9

READ MORE – GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURE OF ODISHA

Poultry farming in Odisha is a profitable business needing little investment7. Starting a farm costs about Rs 5-7 lakhs7. Local chicken breeds are popular among rural folks7. The poultry industry boosts the local economy with meat, eggs, and feathers7.

Goat and Sheep Rearing

Goat and sheep rearing are key parts of Odisha’s livestock industry. The state has many goat breeds like the Black Bengal, Malkangiri, and Raighar10. These goats are known for fighting off parasites, doing well in wet areas, and providing great meat and skin10. Odisha also has sheep breeds like Kuzi and Ganjam, raised for wool and meat.

Wool Production

Sheep and goats in Odisha help the rural economy by making wool4. Farmers use wool sales to earn extra money. The National Livestock Mission (NLM) helps by giving subsidies for sheds, feed, and equipment10.

Meat Production

Goats and sheep in Odisha are also raised for meat, offering protein and income for farmers4. The Ganjam breed is great for hot climates and fights off diseases10. The state supports this industry with schemes like the Small Scale Goat Farming scheme10.

Goat and sheep rearing in Odisha is vital for wool, meat, and helping rural families earn more4. The state’s diverse livestock and support from the government have made it a leader in this field104.

Animal Husbandry in Odisha

Animal husbandry is key to Odisha’s economy, offering jobs, income, and food security11. The state has a big variety of livestock like cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep, pigs, and poultry. These animals make up over 20% of the farm value in Odisha11.

Most rural households rely on livestock for extra income, making it a crucial source of livelihood11. After farming, animal husbandry is the top economic activity in rural areas, adding about 4% to the state’s GDP11.

The National Dairy Plan Phase-I (NDP-I) aims to boost milk production by improving milch animals’ productivity11. It also helps rural milk producers join the organized milk-processing sector11. The Brucellosis Control Programme screens animals for Brucella infection and buys 50,000 doses of vaccine to fight the disease11.

The State Level Scheme strengthens institutes in Bhubaneswar and Berhampur, making vaccines with state funds11. The Up-gradation of skill in self-employment scheme helps livestock owners and encourages young people to start in animal husbandry11.

The Odisha University of Veterinary & Animal Science will improve veterinary education and research, helping farmers11. The Up-gradation of Livestock Health Care Services gives out medicines, holds health camps, and de-worms animals with funds11.

The Wildlife Trust of India has partnered with the State Forest Department to start a Mobile Veterinary Service (MVS) unit12. This unit offers 24-hour vet care in national parks and sanctuaries in Odisha12. It helps the forest department with necropsies and disease checks, and vaccinates animals near protected areas12.

The MVS unit aims to use kind and ethical ways to care for wild animals12. It works on managing wildlife health, including disease control, and plans to work in the Similipal biosphere reserve12.

Government Initiatives and Policies

The Odisha government is working hard through the Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services. They aim to improve breeding, feeding, and scientific management of livestock and poultry13. They focus on breeding programs to better the genetic makeup of livestock. They also set up a strong network of veterinary institutions for healthcare and services13.

Breeding Programs

The state leads in breeding programs to upgrade livestock breeds in Odisha13. These efforts boost productivity and quality, helping farmers earn more and improve their lives13.

Veterinary Services

The government has built a wide network of veterinary institutions across the state13. By 2015, there were 540 Veterinary Hospitals/Dispensaries and 2,939 Livestock Aid Centers, with 130 Dispensaries and 621 Aid Centers in KBK districts13. These places offer vital veterinary services and healthcare, helping farmers and livestock owners. This supports the growth of animal husbandry in Odisha13.

Odisha also has welfare schemes like Kalia Yojana, Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana, and more14. These programs give financial help, healthcare, and technology access to farmers and the livestock sector14.

The government’s efforts show their strong support for animal husbandry. These initiatives aim for sustainable growth, better productivity, and improved livestock and farmer well-being in Odisha13. Success in these programs is key for the future of the livestock industry and the prosperity of rural communities13.

Challenges and Future Prospects

The animal husbandry sector in Odisha faces challenges like slow growth in agriculture and the need for more investment2. Yet, it has a lot of potential for growth8. The state is home to many unique cattle and buffalo breeds, offering a chance for growth8. It also has several goat and sheep breeds, each with its own special traits8.

To make the most of its livestock, Odisha has a detailed plan for 2022/23–2026/278. This plan is backed by the ILRI and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation8. It aims to modernize the sector and boost its contribution to the state’s growth8. The plan focuses on key areas like dairy and poultry, and outlines what’s needed to grow the sector8.

Odisha’s livestock sector looks promising, ranking high in egg, milk, and meat production8. Livestock products make up over 20% of the state’s agricultural value, and most rural households rely on them for extra income2.

To seize these opportunities, the state must work on modernizing its animal husbandry8. By using the Odisha Livestock Master Plan and its diverse breeds, the state can unlock the true potential of its livestock sector. This will help in the state’s overall development and economic growth82.

Conclusion

Animal husbandry is key to Odisha’s rural economy. It helps create jobs, fight poverty, and ensure food security15. The state is home to many different animal breeds and species, showing its rich culture and natural beauty15. Dairy, poultry, goat, and sheep farming are all big parts of this, making food and products like wool15.

The Odisha government is working hard to help the livestock sector grow. They support breeding programs and are expanding veterinary services16. But, there are still challenges that need to be solved to make the most of this sector16. The Odisha Livestock Master Plan offers a detailed plan for the future, aiming for sustainable growth and modernization of animal husbandry16.

In conclusion, animal husbandry is crucial for Odisha’s rural economy. It boosts employment, income, and food security1516. With ongoing government support and new ideas, the industry can keep growing. This will help millions of rural families and push the state forward.

FAQ

What is the significance of the livestock sector in Odisha?

In Odisha, the livestock sector is key to the rural economy. It adds about 4% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). Over 20% of the value of agricultural products comes from livestock. Most rural households, 80%, have livestock, which helps them earn extra income.

What are the major livestock breeds found in Odisha?

Odisha has a wide variety of livestock and poultry. You’ll find cattle like Motu, Birnjharpuri, and Ghoomsoori. There are also buffalo breeds like Parlakhimendi and Manda. Goat breeds include Black Bengal and Raighar, and sheep breeds like Kuzi and Ganjam.

There are many poultry breeds too, like Kalahandi and Vezaguda. These include Hazra and Phulbani as well.

What is the status of the dairy sector in Odisha?

Dairy is crucial in Odisha’s rural economy. In 2013-14, the dairy sector’s value was around Rs. 5,583 crores. OMFED manages the dairy processing and marketing, with 5,409 village-level cooperatives and 2,77,117 farmer members.

How important is poultry farming in Odisha?

Poultry farming is big in Odisha. In 2019, there were 100 million poultry birds, with 60 million chickens and 40 million ducks. The state produces a lot of eggs and poultry meat.

What is the role of goat and sheep rearing in Odisha’s livestock sector?

Goat and sheep rearing are big in Odisha’s livestock sector. The state has goat breeds like Black Bengal and Raighar, known for their resistance to parasites and quality meat and skin. Sheep breeds like Kuzi and Ganjam are raised for wool and meat.

What are the government initiatives to support the animal husbandry sector in Odisha?

The government supports the sector through the Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services. They run programs for breeding, feeding, and scientific management of livestock and poultry. These include breeding programs and veterinary institutions for healthcare.

What are the challenges and future prospects of the animal husbandry sector in Odisha?

The sector faces challenges like slow growth, needing more investment, and modernization. But, it has a lot of potential for growth. The Odisha Livestock Master Plan aims to focus on key areas and improve the sector’s performance.

FAQs for exams

Here are the multiple-choice questions converted into a single-line FAQ format with their respective answers:


Livestock Sector and Products FAQs

1. What percentage of the state’s Net Domestic Product does the livestock sector contribute?
The livestock sector contributes 7.25% of the state’s Net Domestic Product.

2. How does the per-capita milk consumption in Odisha compare to the all-India average?
The per-capita milk consumption in Odisha is lower than the all-India average.

3. What livestock population does the Arni breed of Koraput in Odisha consist of?
The Arni breed of Koraput in Odisha consists of buffalo.

4. What kind of animal is the Kathargad-Dasmantpur breed?
The Kathargad-Dasmantpur is a breed of sheep.

5. When was the Poultry Development Policy introduced in Odisha?
The Poultry Development Policy was introduced in Odisha in 2015-16.

6. In which district are the two duck breeding farms managed by the Government of Odisha located?
The two duck breeding farms managed by the Government of Odisha are situated in Cuttack.

7. Which district in Odisha has government farms for the rearing of goats?
Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh, and Deogarh districts all have government farms for the rearing of goats.

8. What does the Kalyani project in Odisha focus on?
The Kalyani project deals with the Integrated Livestock Development Programme in Odisha.

9. OMFED is symbolic of which revolution in Odisha?
OMFED is symbolic of the White Revolution in Odisha.

10. What is the apex body for milk procurement and marketing in Odisha?
The Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited (OMFED) is the apex body for milk procurement and marketing in Odisha.

11. Which products does the OPOLFED cooperative organization in Odisha popularize?
The OPOLFED cooperative organization in Odisha popularizes poultry products.

12. Which livestock product forms the most popular food component in Odisha?
Fish is the most popular food component in Odisha.

Fisheries and Coastal Management FAQs

13. What is the main source of brackish water fisheries in Odisha?
Chilika Lake is the main source of brackish water fisheries in Odisha.

14. Which species of fish are cultured in brackish water found in coastal areas of Odisha?
Shrimps, herrings, and hilsa are all cultured in brackish water found in coastal areas of Odisha.

15. What regulation act is being implemented in Odisha to safeguard the coastline areas?
The Odisha Maritime Fishing Regulation Act is being implemented to safeguard the coastline areas.

16. When was the Odisha Pisciculture Development Corporation Limited formed?
The Odisha Pisciculture Development Corporation Limited was formed in the year 1998.

17. Which place in Puri district has fish farms?
Both Gopalpur and Chandrabhaga in the Puri district have fish farms.

18. How many acres are required for the transfer of reservoirs under the State Reservoir Fishery Policy?
The State Reservoir Fishery Policy permits the transfer of reservoirs with an area of 100 acres and above.

19. What is Odisha’s rank among Indian states in egg and meat production?
Odisha ranks 10th in egg production and 13th in meat production among Indian states.

20. What are the main activities of the Department of Animal Husbandry in Odisha?
The Department of Animal Husbandry works under the Principal Secretary and Agriculture Production Commissioner, and rural development through the promotion of livestock rearing is one of its major activities.

21. What is the main source of brackish water fisheries in Odisha?
Chilika Lake is the main source of brackish water fisheries in Odisha.

22. What does the State Reservoir Fishery Policy permit?
The State Reservoir Fishery Policy permits the leasing of areas of 100 acres and above to attract public sector investment.

23. What is the goal of the Matsyajibi Basagruha Yojana?
The Matsyajibi Basagruha Yojana aims to provide pucca houses to marine fishermen and offers financial assistance of ₹1.30 lakh for IAP districts.


Source Links

  1. A livestock master plan is produced for India’s Odisha State
  2. Animal Husbandry in Odisha
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  4. Animal Husbandry in Odisha – Orrisa PCS Exam Notes
  5. Potential of Dairying in Odisha and Roadmap to achieve growth
  6. PDF
  7. How to Start Poultry Farming in Odisha: Step-By-Step, Business Plan, Setup Cost, Profit, and Requirements
  8. Livestock and Poultry Sector in Odisha – Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects
  9. PDF
  10. Goat Farming in Odisha: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners
  11. PDF
  12. Vets on wheels, Odisha (Mobile Veterinary service) – Wildlife Trust of India
  13. Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying Conducts Regional Training of 21st Livestock Census on Software and Breeds to State and District Nodal Officers of Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand
  14. List of schemes of the government of Odisha
  15. What Is Animal Husbandry? – It’s Types & Advantages
  16. Livestock policy of odisha for finance, subsidy & project related support contact – 9861458008

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